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Atlantis, Lost City Swamped By Tsunami, May Be Found
Mass (Reuters) - A U.S.-led research team may have finally located the lost city of Atlantis, the legendary metropolis believed swamped by a tsunami thousands of years ago in mud flats in southern Spain.
"This is the power of tsunamis," head researcher Richard Freund told Reuters.
"It is just so hard to understand that it can wipe out 60 miles inland, and that's pretty much what we're talking about," said Freund, a University of Hartford, Connecticut, professor who lead an international team searching for the true site of Atlantis.
To solve the age-old mystery, the team used a satellite photo of a suspected submerged city to find the site just north of Cadiz, Spain. There, buried in the vast marshlands of the Doñana Park, they believe that they pinpointed the ancient, multi-ringed dominion known as Atlantis.
The team of archeologists and geologists in 2009 and 2010 used a combination of deep-ground radar, digital mapping, and underwater technology to survey the site.
Freund's discovery in central Spain of a strange series of "memorial cities," built in Atlantis' image by its refugees after the city's likely destruction by a tsunami, gave researchers added proof and confidence, he said.
Atlantis residents who did not perish in the tsunami fled inland and built new cities there, he added.
The Columbus Letter
The Columbus Letter | |
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Christopher Columbus's letter announcing the success of his voyage to the "islands of the India sea" is one of the most remarkable documents ever published. It is a key document in the social and intellectual histories of both Europe and the Americas. The Osher Map Library and Smith Center for Cartographic Education, University of Southern Maine, is pleased to make this significant historical document -- in the form of the Basle 1494 edition -- available to the people.
De Insulis nuper inuentis
Epistola Christoferi Colom (cui etas nostra mul-tum debet: de Insulis in mari Indico nuper inuen-tis: ad quas perquirendas octauo antea mense: au-spiciis et ere inuictissimi Fernandi Hispaniarû Re-gis missus fuerat) ad Magnificû dominû Raphae-lem Sanxis: eiusdem serenissimi Regis Thesaurari=um missa: quam nobilis ac litteratus vir Aliander de Cosco: ab Hispano ideomate: in latinum con-uertit: tercio Kalendas Maii .M.cccc.xciij. Pontifi-catus Alexandri Sexti Anno primo.
Qvoniam suscepte prouinciæ rem perfectâ me consecutû fuisse: gratum tibi fore scio. has constitui exarare: quæ te vniuscuiusque rei in hoc nostro itinere geste inuêteque admoneât. Tricesimotercio die postquam Gadibus discessi: in ma=re Indicû perueni: vbi plurimas Iu[n]sulas innumeris habitatas hominibus reperi: quarû omnium pro foe-licissimo Rege nostro: præconio celebrato, et vexil=lis extensis: côtradicente nemine possessionê acce-pi. primeque earum: diui Saluatoris nomê imposui. cuius fretus auxilio: tam ad hanc quam ad ceteras alias peruenimus. Eam vero Indi Guanahanyn vocant. Aliarum etiam vnâquanque nouo nomine nûcupaui. Quippe aliam Insulam Sancte Marie Conceptio-nis. aliam Fernandinam. aliam Hysabellam. aliâ
Translation: Because my undertakings have attained success, I know that it will be pleasing to you: these I have determined to relate, so that you may be made acquainted with everything done and discovered in this our voyage. On the thirty-third day after I departed from Cadiz, I came to the Indian sea, where I found many islands inhabited by men without number, of all which I took possession for our most fortunate king, with proclaiming heralds and flying standards, no one objecting. To the first of these I gave the name of the blessed Saviour, on whose aid relying I had reached this as well as the other islands. But the Indians call it Guanahany. I also called each one of the others by a new name. For I ordered one island to be called Santa Maria of the Conception, another Fernandina, another Isabella, another Juana, and so on with the rest.
As soon as we had arrived at that island which I have just now said was called Juana, I proceeded along its coast towards the west for some distance; I found it so large and without perceptible end, that I believed it to be not an island, but the continental country of Cathay; seeing, however, no towns or cities situated on the sea-coast, but only some villages and rude farms, with whose inhabitants I was unable to converse, because as soon as they saw us they took flight.
I proceeded farther, thinking that I would discover some city or large residences. At length, perceiving that we had gone far enough, that nothing new appeared, and that this way was leading us to the north, which I wished to avoid, because it was winter on the land, and it was my intention to go to the south, moreover the winds were becoming violent, I therefore determined that no other plans were practicable, and so, going back, I returned to a certain bay that I had noticed, from which I sent two of our men to the land, that they might find out whether there was a king in this country, or any cities. These men traveled for three days, and they found people and houses without number, but they were small and without any government, therefore they returned.
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2010 Running of the Bulls in Pamplona, Spain
via nydailynews.com
All along Calle Estafeta, the longest stretch of the run, it's man against bull.
